Just when the world is slowly grappling with the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, a new flu-like virus has been surging in China, and now in India. The HMPV, or human metapneumovirus, has affected people in China, particularly children. The virus is now making its way to India, with Mumbai reporting the first case of the HMPV. Here’s everything you must know about the flu-like virus.
What Is HMPV?
HMPV or human metapneumovirus is a respiratory virus that causes symptoms similar to flu or cold. The virus generally peaks during winter and spring (according to the United States-based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). The metapneumovirus uses humans as a host, which explains its name.
The HMPV was first isolated in 2001 in the Netherlands. Studies also show that it has been in circulation in the human population since the 1970s and first came to be identified in 2001. Many global studies have revealed that it is quite a common respiratory virus and that it is not as potent as the coronavirus. Researchers also estimate that about 10% to 12% of respiratory illnesses in children are caused by HMPV.
Who Is Susceptible To HMPV?
While no age group is completely immune to the virus, infants, children under the age of 2, the elderly, immunocompromised individuals, and those with underlying chronic medical conditions are more vulnerable to it. It is widely known that the virus is very common, as it affects nearly all children by the age of five. In fact, Union Health Minister JP Nadda, said recently that HMPV is not new and affects people of all ages.
Young infants have smaller and delicate airways, which can easily get inflamed or blocked by respiratory infections. Additionally, their immune systems are not fully developed, making them more susceptible. This is also the case with elderly people, as immunity begins decreasing in old age.
How Does HMPV Spread?
HMPV, like many other respiratory viruses, is transmitted via respiratory droplets. These include coughing, sneezing, and physical contact with the infected person. The virus enters the body through the nose, eyes, or mouth, typically after inhaling these respiratory droplets of an infected person or touching a contaminated surface. These methods of transmission are similar to those of the common cold and flu.
What Are The Symptoms of HMPV?
Once infected with HMPV, a person shows the following symptoms:
- Cough
- Fever
- Nasal congestion
- Headache
- Breathlessness
- Sore throat
- Wheezing
- Runny or stuffy nose
Is There A Vaccine For Treating HMPV?
As of now, there is no vaccine invented to cure HMPV. However, treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive with antipyretics and antihistaminics. As it is more vulnerable to children, they might require oxygen therapy and other measures.
Most people affected with the virus show mild symptoms similar to those of the common cold or flu but fully recover within 7 to 10 days. Only the severely infected might require hospitalization and additional supportive care.
Do’s and Don’ts To Prevent The Spread Of HMPV
The Do’s
- Cover your mouth and nose with your hand, or handkerchief while sneezing or coughing
- Use face masks in outdoor spaces
- Wash your hands regularly using soap and water, a handwash, or hand sanitizer
- Avoid crowded places whenever possible
- Stay hydrated by including plenty of water and fruits in your diet
- Maintain physical distance from people who are experiencing some or all of these symptoms
- Ensure that there is proper ventilation in enclosed spaces with outdoor air
- Consult a doctor if you are experiencing any or all of these symptoms
The Don’ts
- Avoid shaking hands
- Don’t reuse tissues and handkerchiefs. Make sure that you properly wash handkerchiefs after they have been used
- Do not spit in public places – this is a major cause of transmission
- Avoid close contact with infected individuals
- Do not self-prescribe any medication
If you are looking to travel within or outside India in the coming months, we highly recommend taking necessary health precautions to maintain your distance from HMPV. If you have already planned to visit a certain place, keep checking on the HMPV reports and cases of that location to stay alert.
The virus has seen 8 reported cases in India as of 9th January 2025 and it is a developing story. Health advisories have been issued in Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Kerala.
Also note that the article is purely for informational purposes only, and not a substitute for professional medical advice. We strongly recommend seeking professional medical assistance whenever required.
Sources: Al Jazeera, The Hindustan Times, Business Standard, The New Indian Express
