On 11 December 2025, India entered a new era of clean inland water mobility when the nation’s first indigenous hydrogen fuel-cell passenger vessel was officially launched on the Ganga in Varanasi. The moment was significant not just technologically, but symbolically – a quiet, water-vapor-emitting vessel sailing on one of India’s most sacred and environmentally sensitive rivers.
The ferry was flagged off from Namo Ghat by Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal, marking the start of India’s first operational hydrogen-powered public transport service on water.
A New Chapter in Varanasi’s River Transport
Varanasi’s ghats are among the busiest riverfronts in India, with thousands of daily visitors and constant boat activity. The introduction of a hydrogen vessel in Varanasi brings a cleaner, quieter alternative to traditional diesel-powered boats.
As per various reports the vessel completed its maiden commercial journey from Namo Ghat to Lalita Ghat, giving passengers a firsthand experience of what zero-pollution water transport feels like – smoother, silent, and free from engine exhaust.
The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is overseeing operations, integrating the vessel into short-distance passenger movement along the Ganga.
Built in India: A Cochin Shipyard Achievement
The hydrogen ferry stands out as a milestone for Indian shipbuilding. It was designed and constructed by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL), India’s largest shipbuilder, which gave the country its first fully indigenous hydrogen fuel cell passenger ship.
The vessel’s architecture reflects a modern, lightweight, and stable design:
- 24-metre-long catamaran hull for smoother rides and better stability
- Aesthetic, enclosed passenger cabin with wide viewing windows
- Quiet propulsion that enhances the riverfront experience
CSL’s achievement has been widely recognised as a major step forward for advanced green maritime engineering in India.
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology: How the Vessel Operates
Clean Energy Propulsion
- Powered by a Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (LT-PEM) hydrogen fuel cell, which generates electricity by combining hydrogen with oxygen.
- The only byproduct is pure water — resulting in zero tailpipe emissions.
Passenger Comfort
- Capacity for 50 passengers, housed in a comfortable, air-conditioned cabin.
Operational Performance
- Reported endurance of around eight hours on a full hydrogen refill.
- Regular cruising speed of about 6.5 knots.
Hybrid Support Systems
- Onboard battery packs assist during peak power needs.
- Solar panels contribute power for certain auxiliary loads, increasing overall efficiency.
Safety + Standards
- The vessel is certified by the Indian Register of Shipping (IRS), confirming compliance with marine safety and hydrogen-handling standards.
These features establish the ferry as India’s most advanced hydrogen fuel-cell boat currently in service.
First Route: Namo Ghat to Lalita Ghat
The vessel’s first official operation covered the scenic route from Namo Ghat to Lalita Ghat, a stretch popular among pilgrims and tourists.
Passengers experienced:
- noticeably lower noise levels,
- absence of diesel fumes, and
- a smoother glide along the river due to the catamaran design.
This short yet impactful journey demonstrated the vessel’s suitability for daily passenger movement, cultural tourism, and heritage routes along the Ganga.
Why This Launch Matters
The introduction of the India hydrogen vessel represents several important firsts:
1. India’s first operational hydrogen ferry
A milestone in the nation’s clean transport story.
2. A model for low-emission inland transport
Hydrogen fuel cell technology is quieter, cleaner, and vibration-free — fitting for ecologically and spiritually important river zones.
3. Full indigenous design and construction
Showcasing India’s capability to build eco-friendly boats powered by advanced fuel cell systems.
4. Better passenger experience
Improved comfort, lower noise, and zero visible emissions make the ferry ideal for tourism-heavy riverfronts.
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Summing Up
The launch of the hydrogen vessel in Varanasi on 11 December 2025 stands as a defining moment for India’s river transportation system.
With its 24-metre catamaran design, LT-PEM fuel cell propulsion, 50-passenger capacity, IRS certification, and eight-hour operational endurance, the vessel sets a new benchmark for clean energy mobility on Indian waterways.
As it begins service on the Ganga, starting with the route from Namo Ghat to Lalita Ghat, the ferry offers a glimpse of what the future of zero-emission river transport in India could look like.
